Мошенники на рынке недвижимости. ч.2
Продолжаем наш разговор о тех изощренных методах, которые применяют мошенники на рынке недвижимости. Первая статья на эту тему была написана месяц назад – однако тема, похоже, неисчерпаема.
В нашей стране принято, что купля-продажа недвижимости — это всегда стресс, причем для обеих сторон данного увлекательного процесса. За все время поиска и подготовки требующихся документов люди, бывает, худеют килограммов на девять-десять, успевают вдребезги разругаться с самыми близкими родственниками и, случается, попадают в клинику с болезнями, сформировавшимися на нервной почве.
Страсти бурлят в главным образом из-за того, что в России не слишком то богатой (между нами) стране собственное жилье для основной массы населения — единственный капитал. Продавая же любимую квартиру или отдавая последние деньги, собранные за долгие годы самоограничений, либо взятые под сумасшедшие проценты у банков, люди рискуют очень многим.
Всевозможных страхов сюда еще прибавляют несовершенство российского законодательства, коррумпированность отечественных чиновников и желание отдельных граждан (мошенников в чистом виде) нажиться на чужом желании улучшить свои жилищные условия.
Инвестиция денежных средств в несуществующую пока еще новостройку по всем законам строительного бизнеса обладает четко прогнозируемыми рисками, на которые покупатель недвижимости идет вполне осознанно. В данном случае (первичный рынок) все «подводные камни» заранее хорошо известны: предприимчивый застройщик может продать одну квартиру сразу нескольким покупателям, не возвести дом совсем или построить совсем не то, что было обещано.
Мы же сегодня будем говорить о мошенничестве на вторичном рынке жилья.
Трудно однозначно утверждать, что количество афер на сегодняшнем российском рынке недвижимости как-то изменилось во времени. Да и мошенников не становится больше или меньше. Этим, как правило, занимаются одни и те же лица.
Для того, чтобы обмануть других людей, кроме таланта необходимо еще обладать знаниями. Надо проработать в профессиональном агентстве недвижимости несколько лет и владеть всеми вопросами на уровне юриста, специализирующегося в области недвижимости.
А одному их прокрутить практически невозможно. Необходимо привлечь в сообщники работников ЖЭКа, местного нотариуса, да и с правоохранительными органами не мешало бы подружиться.
Некоторые варианты мошенничества
1. Еще несколько лет назад одним из самых популярных способов мошенничества на вторичном рынке жилья была афера с заменой фотографии в паспорте. Схема аферы банально проста и заключается в следующем.
Изыскивался человек, подверженный алкогольной зависимости, его квартира снималась, а затем мошенники-арендаторы хитростью овладевали паспортом немного что понимающего человека. Фотография в документе переклеивалась, и жилье по ложному документу продавалось.
Вслед за тем мошенники скрывались с деньгами в неведомом направлении, добросовестные покупатели вступали в права собственности на квартиру, а выпивающий владелец оказывался ни с чем.
Такие безобразные истории теперь уже редкость. Слава Богу!
2. Куда более «изящная» схема обмана была сориентирована на приезжих, стремившихся прикупить себе жилье в этом городе. Мошенники размещали объявление в газете с детальным описанием привлекательной квартиры в хорошем районе города, в престижном доме, по реальной рыночной стоимости, но без указания ее фактического адреса.
Такое привлекательное жилье на самом деле существовало — аферисты, как правило, заранее снимали его у ничего не подозревающих реальных хозяев. Перед просмотром квартиры обманщики меняли табличку с номером дома и названием улицы.
Покупатель радовался увиденному, вносил залоговую сумму, подписывал договор купли-продажи квартиры, выплачивал полную сумму денег — и … отправлялся жить на настоящую улицу, что расположена у черта на куличках.
Обращаться потерпевшему в суд бесперспективно, так как все документы были подлинными, а человек их подписывал находясь в трезвом уме и светлой памяти.
Описанная схема надувательства бытует и сегодня, на нее в основном ловятся провинциалы, страстно желающие сэкономить на услугах местных риэлторов. Однако теперь таких покупателей осталось немного.
Приезжие покупатели чаще всего люди занятые, а потому они не могут позволить себе затягивать процесс приобретения квартиры на долгое время и взваливать на свои плечи работу, которую профессионалы выполнят лучше и быстрее.
3. Из современных методик поведения мошенников, специализирующихся на недвижимости, необходимо, прежде всего, назвать модную сегодня схему признания сделки купли-продажи недействительной.
Для ее реализации используется человек, состоящий на учете в психоневрологическом или наркологическом диспансере. Обычно это молодые люди, от которых родители, уставшие от всевозможных проблем, решили отгородиться, отселив свое чадо на отдельную жилплощадь.
Такой владелец за относительно не большие деньги продает квартиру, после чего мошенники ведут его к врачу, который задним числом выдает справку о том, что продавец в момент подписания договора был не в себе и не понимал, что делал.
В результате суд признает сделку недействительной, а квартира возвращается в собственность нездоровому человеку. Бедняге покупателю в данном случае вернуть свои деньги практически невозможно.
Однако от такого развития событий всецело можно защититься. Необходимо, всего лишь, застраховать сделку, провести медицинское обследование продавца в день проведения сделки или пригласить врача. Ну и обязательно провести нотариальное оформление договора купли-продажи.
4. Аналогичную опасность вызывают сделки купли-продажи жилья с пожизненным содержанием пожилых людей в уже реализованной квартире. Престарелых пенсионеров, также как наркоманов (алкоголиков) и психически нездоровых людей, могут использовать в своих целях ловкие мошенники.
Чтобы опекаемая старушка внезапно не разорвала договор, все расчеты с ней, а именно ежемесячные платежи по ее содержанию, необходимо проводить через банк или оформлять почтовыми переводами.
В этом случае, если она сама вдруг перестанет получать деньги, факт платежей потом доказать в суде будет намного легче.
Особенно такие соглашения необходимо заключать с мужчинами, так как они, обычно, живут меньше, чем женщин.
Резюме. В сделках с недвижимостью, как и практически в любом другом бизнесе, доля недобросовестных людей такая же, как и везде.
Огромное большинство сделок проводится без каких-либо обманов и проблем. Только порядка двадцати процентов сделок обладают некими подводными камнями. Однако профессиональные риэлторы всегда могут их обойти, заблаговременно обезопасив своего клиента.
По-настоящему крупные аферы — это большая редкость. К сожалению никакой официальной статистики, на этот счет, не ведется. Однако, по оценкам специалистов, их число не превышает трех процентов, от общего числа проводимых сделок.
Для того, чтобы не попасть впросак, необходимо все же воспользоваться услугами профессиональных риэлторов.
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8 способов мошенничества с квартирами
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